Google is *the* leader in data center efficiency, and they keep their numbers very private.  Plus, they get insane pricing on power (the #1 cost factor) as an incentive to locate in places they might not otherwise choose, plus massive local tax breaks.

Google Inc. has joined a group of 16 universities and national labs that are building the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).

"Partnering with Google will significantly enhance our ability to convert LSST data to knowledge," said J. Anthony Tyson, professor of physics at UC Davis and director of the consortium to build the telescope.

Scheduled to begin operations in 2014, the 8.4-meter telescope will survey the entire visible sky every week, investigating dark matter and dark energy and opening a movie-like window on fast-changing objects such as exploding supernovae, near-Earth asteroids and distant Kuiper Belt objects beyond Pluto.

The LSST will generate more than 30 terabytes -- 30 thousand gigabytes -- of images every night for a decade. The collaboration with Google will aim at organizing, processing and analyzing that huge amount of data and enabling the new discoveries from the telescope to be made available to the public and researchers in real time.

"Google's mission is to take the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful," said William Coughran, vice president of engineering for the Mountain View, Calif.-based Internet search company. "The data from LSST will be an important part of the world's information and, by being involved in the project, we hope to make it easier for that data to become accessible and useful."

In 2005, Wayne Rosing, a former vice president for engineering at Google, was appointed as a senior fellow in mathematical and physical sciences at UC Davis, working primarily on the LSST project with Tyson.

The LSST research and development effort is funded in part by the National Science Foundation. Additional funding comes from private contributions, in-kind support at Department of Energy laboratories and other institutional members of the consortium.

Founded in 2003, the LSST Corporation, a nonprofit 501(c)3 Arizona corporation headquartered in Tucson, Ariz., includes the University of Arizona, Research Corporation, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Washington, Brookhaven National Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Columbia University, Google Inc., Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology - Stanford University, Las Cumbres Observatory Inc., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Princeton University, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, The Pennsylvania State University, UC Davis, UC Irvine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and University of Pennsylvania.

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Scheduled to begin operations in 2013, (EDIT: 2014) the 8.4-meter LSST will be able to survey the entire visible sky deeply in multiple colors every week with its three-billion pixel digital camera, probing the mysteries of Dark Matter and Dark Energy, and opening a movie-like window on objects that change or move rapidly: exploding supernovae, potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids as small as 100 meters, and distant Kuiper Belt Objects. LSST is a public-private partnership.

...

Key areas in the Google-LSST collaboration will be: organizing the massive ingestion of information, processing and analyzing the continuous data streams in a 24/7 fault tolerant manner, enabling the new discoveries coming out of the LSST to be made available to the public and researchers in real time, and working with and managing large parallel data systems.

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the Discover article

Once the shutters are fully open, the electronic eyeball turns skyward and begins to gaze in one direction, but only for 30 seconds. Then, having seen all it needs, it shifts its attention to another patch of sky.

The giant eye is connected to a giant brain, a computer of enormous speed and capacity. Most of the billions of things this eye sees each night are starlike specks or gauzy smudges of light. They may seem vague or inconsequential, but no matter; the brain remembers everything, storing each image for future recall. The brain is thinking, too. All through the night, even while waiting for the next image to arrive, it is comparing what it has just seen with stored images of the same part of the sky to see if anything has changed. It recognizes and records these changes in a vast electronic logbook.

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but Google is quite happy to keep people guessing.